HRESULT 0x88990016 (D2DERR_PUSH_POP

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Direct2D drawing state push and pop calls are unbalanced.

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D2DERR_WRONG_RESOURCE_DOMAIN	D2DERR_RENDER_TARGET_HAS_LAYER_OR_CLIPRECT

D2DERR_PUSH_POP_UNBALANCED

D2DERR_PUSH_POP_UNBALANCED means that Direct2D reached the end of a drawing sequence with unmatched state pushes or pops. It can involve layers, clips, or other stack-based drawing state.

What to check

Count each push and pop on all normal, error, and exception paths.
Ensure that helper functions do not hide unmatched state changes from their callers.
Use structured scope management to make cleanup automatic when a draw path exits early.

The immediate error can surface at EndDraw, even though the incorrect push or pop happened earlier in the frame.

Microsoft: BeginDraw and EndDraw

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