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ERROR_GRAPHICS_ADAPTER_MUST_HAVE_AT_LEAST_ONE_TARGET
ERROR_GRAPHICS_ADAPTER_MUST_HAVE_AT_LEAST_ONE_TARGET means the adapter model contains no target ID that could participate in a present path. A target is the adapter output endpoint; monitor connection state is a separate property, so a temporarily disconnected connector can still be a valid target.
Inspect child-relation enumeration and adapter startup. Returning zero targets because no monitor is currently attached confuses connector inventory with hot-plug state. Conversely, a truly compute-only device should not be exposed as a display adapter that requires VidPN topology. Ensure target identifiers remain stable across connection changes and that an embedded panel or virtual output is reported through the correct driver model.
Target inventory versus connection state
- Enumerate physical or logical output endpoints independently of attached monitors.
- Report disconnected targets with the appropriate child status instead of deleting the adapter model.
- Keep target IDs stable when EDID data is refreshed.
- Use the appropriate indirect or virtual display architecture for software-only outputs.
Microsoft: video present targets and monitors
Microsoft: target identifiers and target mode sets
Linux DRM/KMS: connectors and connection state
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