What does HRESULT 0x80310012 (FVE_E_SYSTEM_VOLUME) mean?

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The target is the system boot partition, which BitLocker does not encrypt as an operating-system volume.

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FVE_E_TOO_SMALL	FVE_E_FAILED_WRONG_FS

FVE_E_SYSTEM_VOLUME

FVE_E_SYSTEM_VOLUME means the selected partition contains the boot files used before Windows starts. BitLocker protects the operating-system volume, while the separate system partition must remain available to start Windows.

What to check for FVE_E_SYSTEM_VOLUME

Distinguish the small system or EFI partition from the Windows operating-system volume.
Confirm the operating-system partition is the intended BitLocker target.
Do not encrypt or reformat the system partition to resolve this error.

Microsoft: BitLocker planning guide

Microsoft: Configure BitLocker policy

Microsoft: manage-bde -status

Diagnostic discriminator: Confirm that the selected partition is the system/boot partition rather than the BitLocker operating-system volume. The operation is rejected because of the partition role, not because encryption metadata is corrupt.

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