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ERROR_HV_INSUFFICIENT_DEVICE_DOMAINS
Direct device assignment consumes finite IOMMU isolation contexts
ERROR_HV_INSUFFICIENT_DEVICE_DOMAINS means the platform I/O remapping hardware has no free domain for another device assignment. A device domain supplies DMA isolation and address translation for a partition; it is not the same resource as a virtual PCI slot or a Windows device instance.
Inventory currently assigned devices and confirm that failed detach or VM teardown paths released their domains. Check firmware IOMMU support and platform limits, especially when SR-IOV functions and Discrete Device Assignment are used together. Adding guest RAM does not create more remapping domains. A reboot may clear leaked host state, but the durable fix is to reduce assignments or correct domain lifetime management.
IOMMU capacity information to collect
- Physical device, function, and target partition for every assignment.
- IOMMU/VT-d status and platform-reported domain capacity.
- Recently deleted VMs or detached devices that may still hold domains.
- Use of SR-IOV virtual functions, DDA devices, and secure-device isolation.
References
- Microsoft: device-domain exhaustion status
- Microsoft: Hyper-V IOMMU hardware requirement
- Linux kernel: Hyper-V PCI pass-through devices
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