What does errno 60 (ETIMEDOUT) in Mac mean?

ETIMEDOUT

No timely completion is not an active refusal

ETIMEDOUT says that the operation did not complete before a relevant timeout. It is different from ECONNREFUSED, where the destination actively rejects connection establishment, and from ENETUNREACH, where the local stack has no route to begin with.

A timeout does not prove that the remote host is down. Packets can be filtered, lost, delayed, routed through a failing path, or accepted by a peer that never completes the application's expected exchange. The observed syscall and timeout policy are essential context.

What to capture

• Record the operation type, socket state, local and remote addresses, start time, deadline source, and any transport retransmission or application retry counters.
• Distinguish the kernel's transport timeout from an application deadline. They can fire at different times and imply different ownership of cancellation.
• Preserve whether any bytes or protocol acknowledgements were received before the timeout; that changes whether a retry can safely repeat the operation.

Useful comparison

ECONNRESET is an explicit reset outcome. ETIMEDOUT is absence of a successful outcome within time. The two need different evidence and should not share a single “network failed” bucket.

References

• XNU: Darwin errno definitions
• POSIX: connect()
• RFC 9293: TCP retransmission and abort behavior